In this forum, Biomechanics students will post examples of sports movement, what planes limbs are moving in, and they will how the movement can be more efficient.
- Thread:
- Soccer Kick
- Post:
- Soccer Kick
- Author:
Jeremy Alvarez
- Posted Date:
- June 10, 2013 11:19 PM
- Status:
- Published
The soccer kick occurs in the sagittal and frontal planes. During the soccer kick the kicking leg moves in the sagittal plane to strike the ball. The lumbar spine laterally flexes and moves the body in the frontal plane. The arms move through the frontal and sagittal plane throughout the motion of the kick.
Attachment: 
freekick2.jpg (40.055 KB)
freekick2.jpg (40.055 KB)- Thread:
- Push Up Analysis
- Post:
- Push Up Analysis
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 13, 2013 8:15 PM
- Status:
- Published
A push up occurs mainly through the sagittal plane. There are two phases when doing the skill which create different movements within the same joints and muscles. When the person is in the pushing phase, the elbows are extending while the shoulders are horizontally adducting and the shoulder girdle (scapula) is protracting.Once the person is in the lowering phase, the elbow goes into flexion while the shoulders switch to horizontal abduction and retraction in the shoulder girdle. The pecs and serratus anterior help the scapula move into protraction and retraction during the push up. In order to make this skill more efficient, the person performing should keep in mind that their back must be kept in line, abdominal tight, head in a neutral position, and limit their movement while performing the push up to as minimal as possible. As they began the lowering phase they should also try not to arch their back (butt) or lower in completely to the ground and keep their elbows flexed at a ninety degree angle.
Attachment: pushups.docx (155.328 KB)
pushups.docx (155.328 KB)- Thread:
- sports analysis of a wrist shot
- Post:
- sports analysis of a wrist shot
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 7, 2013 10:34 AM
- Status:
- Published
The movement of the wrist shot in this picture is done in a transverse plane and the vertical axis due to the rotation of the body. The shooter is left handed so the right arm is moving in an inward rotation known as internal rotation while the stick is in the air. The left arm is moving in an outward rotation, which is known as external rotation. Even though the arms are extended they are contracting in a flexed position. The legs are in flex position as well and shift body weight side to side so they are performing lateral shifts in the frontal plane with sagittal horizontal axes. The back leg should shift weight to the front leg when shooting, similar to a pitch in baseball. With more body rotation including pulling the puck further back and then fully extending the arm will cause for more powerful and accurate shot.
Attachment: biomechdp.jpg (29.693 KB)
biomechdp.jpg (29.693 KB)- Thread:
- Football Throw- Snix Williams
- Post:
- Football Throw- Snix Williams
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 19, 2013 1:36 PM
- Status:
- Published
My skill that I chose was the football throw. The Football throw is carried out in the frontal plane as well as the frontal axis. The elbow will be flexed and then will be shown in extension while releasing the football. The scapula will be adducting and upon the release will be abduction. The upper torso will be rotating on the longitudinal axis. The arm will extend through the transverse plane.
Attachment: weeden-throw-minicamp-horiz-jkjpg-96589ea7e2d46177.jpg (397.674 KB)
weeden-throw-minicamp-horiz-jkjpg-96589ea7e2d46177.jpg (397.674 KB)- Thread:
- Bench Press
- Post:
- Bench Press
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 15, 2013 11:55 AM
- Status:
- Published
While doing the bench press, the body is going through a transverse plane of motion. Horizontal adduction of the shoulder and elbow extension are seen during the push phase. Also in the push phase the shoulder girdle is protracting and abducting. In the lowering phase, the elbows contract while the shoulders are abducting. The shoulder girdle, however, in the lowering phase is horizontally adducting and retracting. To make this movement efficient, one should make sure the butt does not arch off the bench. The feet should also both be placed flat on the ground, and the hand placement should be only 2 to 3 inches wider than the shoulders.
Attachment: Bench Press pic.jpg (63.923 KB)
Bench Press pic.jpg (63.923 KB)- Thread:
- Discussion 1
- Post:
- Discussion 1
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 14, 2013 11:48 AM
- Status:
- Published
I decided to go with the sports movement of the baseball swing. In this movement you start of in the sagittal plane. Your elbows are flexed and you start the movement. Next we move to the transverse plane as you rotate your hips and trunk. After that you extend your elbows to complete the motion. This motion can be made more effective but it strongly depends on the person themselves.
Attachment: swing.jpg (49.71 KB)
swing.jpg (49.71 KB)- Thread:
- volley ball spike
- Post:
- volley ball spike
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 14, 2013 4:17 PM
- Status:
- Published
The skill I choose is a volley ball spike. In the approach the body is moving in the sagittal plane, the legs are moving forward flexion at the knee and hip with each preparatory step. During the last preparatory steps the shoulder extends back and the hips and knees flex and push off the floor. The arms swing up and move in the sagittal plane from extension to flexion as the arm rises over the shoulder, the arm will then move back down through the sagittal plane as the shoulder extends and the elbow joint will be flexed. On the exertion phase as the arm is coming down the shoulder is also partly moving in the frontal plane as the shoulder joint adducts. This move could be more efficient it the athlete properly uses the preparatory steps to gain momentum and force to get a higher jump. This can lead to a faster and harder spike.
Attachment: spike.jpg (31.717 KB)
spike.jpg (31.717 KB)- Thread:
- Pull-Up
- Post:
- Pull-Up
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 14, 2013 8:57 AM
- Status:
- Published
A pull up will occur in the sagittal and frontal plane with two phases during the skill. When the person is in the pull phase of the pull up the elbows are going to flex and this will occur in the sagittal plane, the shoulders on the other hand will adduct and this will occur in the frontal plane. Then when the person is in the lowering phase of the pull up the elbows are going to extend, still occurring in the sagittal plane, and the shoulders will abduct, this as well will still be occurring in the frontal plane. To make this skill better the individual should remember to place hands wider then shoulder width and try to keep the elbows in tight during the pulling up phase and the lowering phase. The individual should also try to perform the skill in a slow and controlled fashion so that no injuries occur and so they aren't using the momentum, to get the full effect of the exercise.
Attachment: images.jpg (5.623 KB)
images.jpg (5.623 KB)- Thread:
- Squat Analysis
- Post:
- Squat Analysis
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 6, 2013 9:11 PM
- Status:
- Published
The sagittal plane is the primary plane of movement in whichthe squat lift occurs. The ankle jointis dorsiflexed in the downward phase and planter flexes in the “lifting”phase. The knee joint undergoes flexionin the downward phase and extension in the “lifting” phase. The hip joint undergoes flexion in thedownward phase and extension in the “lifting” phase. The movement in this photograph could be madebetter if the individual kept his knees in a more stable position (not genuvlagum as pictured) and shifted the weight more towards his heels (as opposedto toes).
Attachment: bad squat form.jpg (168.964 KB)
bad squat form.jpg (168.964 KB)- Thread:
- back handspring
- Post:
- back handspring
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- April 1, 2013 9:49 PM
- Status:
- Published
A back handspring is being done in a sagittalplane. The limbs move within the sagittal plane. The joint movement in the second phase of the back handspring which is shown is the vertebra is extended, the shoulder is extended and as well as the hips, knees and ankle are extended. The movement could be more efficient if the strength and the flexibility of the upper body of the person doing the back handspring is increased.
- Thread:
- Stationary Soccer Throw In
- Post:
- Stationary Soccer Throw In
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 14, 2013 9:53 AM
- Status:
- Published
For a stationary soccer throw in, the movement of all joints in motion, with the exception of the shoulders and scapula, occurs along the sagittal plane. The shoulder and scapula move along both the sagittal and frontal plane.
During the wind up, the right ankle performs dorsiflexion while the right hip extends and the right knee flexes. The left ankle performs dorsiflexion while the left hip flexes and the left knee slightly flexes. The spine extends, the shoulders flex and slightly abduct (along the frontal plane), the scapula retracts, the elbows flex, the forearms supinate, and the wrists extend.
During the execution phase, both ankles perform plantar flexion, both knees extend, the spine flexes, the shoulders flex and slightly adduct, the scapula protracts, the elbows extend, and the wrists flex.
To be more efficient, avoid abducting the shoulders during the wind-up and keep the entire movement in the sagittal plane, because the force applied to the ball is directed along the sagittal plane.
Attachment: throw in.jpg (122.069 KB)
throw in.jpg (122.069 KB)- Thread:
- Diagonal Chop
- Post:
- Diagonal Chop
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- April 2, 2013 1:54 PM
- Status:
- Published
As a whole the different planes the movement is done in is the transverse and sagittal planes. The knees specifically are in the sagittal plane and are flexing and and extending as the created movent has the person going up and down as in a squat sequence and create the movement of axis in the sagittal axis. The trunk portion of the body is in the transverse plane as it is moved from side to side during the "diagonal chop" of the exercise itself and is in the longitudinal axis. This rotation creates the arms to be moved in the high diagonal plane in the diagonal axis. The movement of the elbows is flexion/extension with the shoulder moving diagonally with adduction/abduction. To make sure the movement is done effectively the person must make sure to not over/under extend the joints or overexagerate the movement.
youtube demonstration of movement: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nv6HkXpcbm8
- Thread:
- Forum 1
- Post:
- Forum 1
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 16, 2013 1:53 PM
- Status:
- Published
I choose a pirouette dance turn, in this skill you will begin in the transverse horizontal plane head in a neutral position. You will bring arms in a circular motion, using the momentum from your arms to help turn you around. As so (if turning to the right side) the right leg will move backwards in sagittal plane making arms in a L shape form. You will then turn body around in an anterposterior until back into the transverse horizontal plane.
Attachment: image.jpg (34.186 KB)
image.jpg (34.186 KB)- Thread:
- Jump Shot
- Post:
- Jump Shot
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 14, 2013 1:57 PM
- Status:
- Published
For the jump shot, the movements and limbs are occurring in the sagittal plane. As for the limbs, the knees, elbows, wrist, and hips start in flexion and end in extention. The ankle begins in dorsiflexion and ends in plantar flexion. The movement is the most efficient when all joints are flexed properly and the movement occurs fluidly. Beside that, there isn't a better way to shoot a basketball.
Attachment: jump shot.jpg (9.329 KB)
jump shot.jpg (9.329 KB)- Thread:
- Mark Cole - MMA Power Slam
- Post:
- Mark Cole - MMA Power Slam
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 10, 2013 2:19 PM
- Status:
- Published
The pictured sports movement is a type of slam in mixed martial arts, named a "power slam". The movement takes place predominantly in the sagittal plane. As the athlete picks up his opponent from the mat, he moves into hip extension, knee extension, elbow flexion, shoulder extension, and plantar flexion. As the athlete returns his opponent to the mat, the opposite movements take place: hip flexion, knee flexion, elbow extension, shoulder flexion, and dorsi flexion. This movement is very inneficient from an energy expenditure standpoint compared to more common movements in a MMA fight. The athlete is picking up an opponent of approximately the same weight, taking him from the floor to over his head and then back down again. To make this more efficient, the movement would need to be done predominantly by the posterior chain with minimal spinal flexion. As the athlete picks his opponent up from the mat, the most efficient way to do this is through the hip extensors, if spinal flexion occurs,more energy must be used to then extend the spine. Ideally, this movement would occur with the spine maintaining a neutral position (not excess flexion or extension).
Attachment: rampage Power Slam.png (1.034 MB)
rampage Power Slam.png (1.034 MB)- Thread:
- softball pitch
- Post:
- softball pitch
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- April 17, 2013 11:30 AM
- Status:
- Published
this movement is in the sagittal plane. a softball pitch has many phases and uses circumduction of the shoulder for most of the movement. the front leg extends and the back leg flexes in the movement. the non rotating arm flexes and then extends through the movement. the kinetic chain is very important for success in this skill.
- Thread:
- hurdling athlete
- Post:
- hurdling athlete
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 20, 2013 11:13 PM
- Status:
- Published
the movement that I chose was that of an athlete in a hurdling race. the athlete is moving primarily in the sagittal plane throughout the duration of the race, but when the athlete jumps over the hurdle the movement that takes place is far more complicated. the twisting of the pelvis that happens when the athlete jumps to put one leg over the hurdle, then follows through with the follow through leg, this movement of the pelvis takes place in the transverse plane.
Attachment: hurdling athlete.jpg (59.73 KB)
hurdling athlete.jpg (59.73 KB)- Thread:
- jump shot
- Post:
- jump shot
- Author:
- Anonymous
- Posted Date:
- February 19, 2013 9:29 PM
- Status:
- Published
The movement is being done in the frontal and transverse plane. The limbs are moving from the sagittal plane to the frontal plane. Then the limbs move up into the transverse plane. The legs are a little above the ground like he is jumping and the arms are in the shooting position. In the shooting position the elbows are bending a little to help drive the power up to the wrist which releases the ball. Practice will greatly help and taking care of the body properly. This means that injuries are minimium and so this helps the movement through the kinetic chain. Which in itself will help the athlete perform better.
- Thread:
- Glide Phase of Breaststroke
- Post:
- Glide Phase of Breaststroke
- Author:
- Julie Baker
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 10:23 AM
- Edited Date:
- June 12, 2013 10:33 AM
- Status:
- Published
The movement in the glide position is in the sagittal plane. The body is in prone position, flat and streamlined. The hips and knees are extended and near the surface and the ankles are plantar flexed. The arms are flexed overhead and hands are close together, wrists are pronated and the palm of the hand is facing down. The head is low between the arms with eyes looking down and the waterline is near the hairline of the forehead. The trunk is in a neutral position and is horizontal to the arms and legs.
Holding the body in a tight streamline position throughout the glide allows the swimmer to make advances with very little effort and reduces the frontal and lateral drag which enables a longer and faster stroke.
Holding the body in a tight streamline position throughout the glide allows the swimmer to make advances with very little effort and reduces the frontal and lateral drag which enables a longer and faster stroke.
Attachment: Gliding Phase of Breaststroke.jpg (29.212 KB)
Gliding Phase of Breaststroke.jpg (29.212 KB)- Thread:
- tennis ready position
- Post:
- tennis ready position
- Author:
- Robert Burroughs
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 10:29 AM
- Status:
- Published
The athlete starts in the sagital plane showing knee flexion with elbow extension. upon hitting the ball the athlete switches into the transverse plane for their twisting motion to apply power to the strike of the ball. Also while hitting the athlete uses their quads to stop their momentum to change directions if needed.
Attachment: pic.jpg (6.523 KB)
pic.jpg (6.523 KB)- Thread:
- Basketball chess pass
- Post:
- Basketball chess pass
- Author:
- Andrew Cantu
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 3:16 PM
- Status:
- Published
The basketball chest pass involves most of the joints andmovement to take place in the sagittal plane except the shoulder and scapula thatmoves along the frontal plane.
During the wind up phase the elbows flex, forearms pronate,hip extends, knee flexes, the ankle performs dorsiflexion , shoulders flex,scapula adducts, and the wrist extend.
Then in the execution phase the elbows extend, knees flex, hipflexes, shoulder flexes, scapula abducts, wrist flexes, ankles perform plantarflexion.
During the follow through the phase the knees extend, elbowsextend, wrist extend, shoulders extends, scapula protracts.
- Thread:
- diving off a swim block
- Post:
- Sprinting
- Author:
- Amanda Chattom
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 8:28 AM
- Status:
- Published
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=r39LkX6Vz_1UhM&tbnid=tsSMvqKpPXukqM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fprimalspeed.wordpress.com%2Fwhat-is-ps%2F&ei=J3S4UavdL4HK9QT_ioHQBg&bvm=bv.47810305,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNH4ImEmV_GK4DpC0vR2vfFRcWwOzQ&ust=1371129215256316
After a sprinter takes off from the blocks, leg action is mainly occurring. The leg action takes place in the sagittal plane and frontal axis. Two actions occur during sprinting, one the driving phase this occurs when the leg is in contact with the ground. During the driving phase the hip,ankle, and knee joints are involved causing extension and hyper-extension and plantar flexion. Main agonist muscles used during the driving phase can include, gluteal muscles, hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius. The second action that occurs is the recovery phase when the leg is not in contact with the ground. During the recovery phase the hip, ankle and knee joints are involved causing flexion, and dorsi flexion. Main agonist muscles being used include ilopsoas, hamstring, and tibialis anterior.
- Thread:
- Standing back tuck
- Post:
- Standing back tuck
- Author:
- Kayla David
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 5:54 PM
- Status:
- Published
A standing back tuck takes place in the sagittal plane. Inthe wind up phase of the movement, knee and hip flexion occur as well asshoulder extension. In the first part of the movement phase, when you arestarting to jump into the air, the foot plantar flexes, while the knees and thehips extend. The shoulders flex as you are bringing both arms up in front ofyou. In the second part of the movement phase, the feet are still indorsiflexion and the knees and the hips are now flexed again. The arms then comedown to grab your knees but the shoulders are still slightly flexed while theelbows are now being flexed. The head is also being extended. This skill can beimproved if the athlete is able to improve their jumping abilities as well as theircore muscles so they can whip their body around faster. Also, if they are ableto hold their body in a tighter “tuck” position in the air, then they will beable to rotate more quickly.
- Thread:
- Fosbury Flop
- Post:
- Fosbury Flop
- Author:
- Roger De La Cruz
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 5:51 PM
- Status:
- Published
The Fosbury Flop is a style used in the athletics event of high jump. It is when the athlete runs along a curved pathway in order to get angular momentum so that the jumper could sail over the bar with the head and shoulders crossing first before the back and trunk. This style was designed so that the center of gravity is as low as possible. The planes the limbs are moving through are saggital and frontal. In the saggital plane you have flexion of the knee, extension of the hip, trunk, and cervical. In the frontal plane you have abduction of the arms.
Attachment: Fosbury Flop.docx (37.146 KB)
Fosbury Flop.docx (37.146 KB)- Thread:
- Tennis Striking-Sandy Esquivel
- Post:
- Tennis Striking-Sandy Esquivel
- Author:
Sandy Esquivel
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 11:23 AM
- Status:
- Published
https://www.google.com/search?q=tennis&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=LaC4UaydJsSHygH95oG4Ag&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=665#facrc=_&imgrc=pL_2Uwzj-HWneM%3A%3BisaAH53sqzE9BM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftoday.lbl.gov%252Fwordpress%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252Ftennis1.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftoday.lbl.gov%252F2012%252F07%252F20%252Flab-tennis-club-hosts-annual-tournament-july-26%252F%3B1024%3B850
https://www.google.com/search?q=tennis&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=LaC4UaydJsSHygH95oG4Ag&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=665#facrc=_&imgrc=FvIquWbfRAsfnM%3A%3BzxvJ6rhBq8cUdM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.tennisfootwork.net%252Fimages%252Ftennis-footwork.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.tennisfootwork.net%252Ftennis-footwork-drills.html%3B610%3B445
https://www.google.com/search?q=tennis&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=LaC4UaydJsSHygH95oG4Ag&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=665#facrc=_&imgrc=FvIquWbfRAsfnM%3A%3BzxvJ6rhBq8cUdM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.tennisfootwork.net%252Fimages%252Ftennis-footwork.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.tennisfootwork.net%252Ftennis-footwork-drills.html%3B610%3B445
Hitting a ball with a racket in tennis is not so easy duringa game. These actions are rotational and occur on the transverse plane,longitudinal axis. Three main joints are wrist, elbow, and shoulder. There is aready stance where the player is at bended knee ready to move. (flexion) Asthey wind up the arm is extended back. The movement included is bringing theshoulder forward on impact (ball and racket), elbow flexion and wrist flexion. Thefollow thru includes bringing the arm all the way thru across the body. During thepreparatory phase the wrist is supinated, the elbow is extended, and theshoulder is horizontally hyperextended. Duringthe movement (striking) the wrist is pronated, the elbow is flexed, theshoulder is horizontally flexed, and the trunk is rotated.
- Thread:
- Rowing
- Post:
- Rowing
- Author:
- Cameron French
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 6:30 AM
- Status:
- Published
http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&biw=1090&bih=638&tbm=isch&tbnid=yNzCIzN6hRi9nM:&imgrefurl=http://www.picture-newsletter.com/rowing/&docid=xII4Nhnf1rIy2M&imgurl=http://www.picture-newsletter.com/rowing/aus-rowing.jpg&w=1200&h=800&ei=CVq4UYT-LYnA9gSei4DoBw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:12,s:0,i:127&iact=rc&dur=515&page=2&tbnh=177&tbnw=207&start=7&ndsp=15&tx=155&ty=94
- There is movement in the sagittal plane when the athlete moves there arms in front of them and extends the elbows in preparation of the pull phase, which will also occur in the sagittal plane. This plane is what is dividing the body into equal left and right halves. There is no real lateral movement of the body or rotational movement across the body as the paddles are in a fixed position on both sides. Rowing occurs in the sagittal plane, and involves most major muscle groups in the body including the quads, calves, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, abdominals, and biceps brachii.
- Thread:
- backhand
- Post:
- backhand
- Author:
- Andrea Gonzalez
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 5:04 PM
- Status:
- Published
While playing tennis one the main strokes would be the backhand swing which takes place in the transverse plane. In the stance/prep movement for a right handed player the athlete will have the racket in an up position with the wrist in a wrist ulnar deviation movement; the knees would have a slight knee flexion to be ready to move in either direction. In the windup phase the right leg will move forward across the body for a knee flexion as well as hip rotation, and the elbows will be in extension. In the movement to hit the ball there would be shoulder rotation by the left shoulder as the athlete is coming across to strike the ball and the hip rotation on the left side. The follow through would be elbow flexion as the racket goes across the body. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&;v=w7BfkqHYCgs
- Thread:
- Baseball swing
- Post:
- Baseball swing
- Author:
- Thurston Hillmon
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 9:46 AM
- Edited Date:
- June 12, 2013 5:51 PM
- Status:
- Published
For a baseball swing all three planes are in play. As the hitter uses forward momentum of the bat its occurring in the frontal plane. In the lower body the back leg begins to rotate through the transverse plane while the back knee begins to flex in the sagittal plane to help drive the hitters force forward through the ball.The movement that takes place during a swing is created by the external and internal oblique muscles span the sides of your abdomen, attaching to your lower ribs on top and to the iliac crest of your pelvis on the bottom. The external oblique helps rotate your torso to the opposite side, meaning the muscle on the left side of your abdomen contracts to turn your torso to the right and vice versa, and the internal oblique facilitates rotation to the same side. Both oblique muscles contract when you swing a bat.
Attachment: Joe-Mauer.jpg (33.55 KB)
Joe-Mauer.jpg (33.55 KB)- Thread:
- field goal
- Post:
- field goal
- Author:
- Sam Houston
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 5:51 PM
- Status:
- Published
When kicking a field goal, the kicker moves in the sagittaland frontal planes. As the kicker movesforward to kick the shoulders abduct in the frontal plane in order to maintainbalance. The legs of the kicker move inthe sagittal plane through the kick. Asthe plant foot hits the ground the knee is extended and the kicking leg isflexed at the knee joint. The kickerthen extends the knee of the kicking leg to kick the ball as the plant legflexes at the knee joint. The kick canbe made more efficient, especially on shorter kicks by decreasing the amount offlexion in the knee joint.
Attachment: fieldgoal.htm (514 B)
fieldgoal.htm (514 B)- Thread:
- Shooting a jump shot/ Michael Hrna
- Post:
- Shooting a jump shot/ Michael Hrna
- Author:
- Michael Hrna
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 11:12 AM
- Status:
- Published
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkBXvCzsVFU
When shooting a jump shot in basketball the movement that is being performed occurs in the transverse, frontal and sagittal planes. The movement begins with flexion of the knees, hips, and ankles in the sagittal plane along the frontal axis. Once enough power is generated, triple extension of the ankles, knee, and hips will be performed in the sagittal plane along the frontal axis. As the power reaches the hips the arms will begin to move upward into the sagittal plane and outward into the frontal plane. This is caused by extension and abduction of the shoulder joint in the sagital plane along the frontal axis, and in the frontal plane along the sagital axis. As the arms move outward in the frontal plane the radial ulnar joint pronates along the vertical axis in the transverse plane. In the shooting position the elbows are being extended to drive the power up to the wrist which releases the ball. Practice will greatly help and taking care of the body properly. This means that injuries are minimium and so this helps the movement through the kinetic chain. Which in itself will help the athlete perform better.
Agonist muscles of the lower limbs- Quads, hamstrings, glutes, gastrocnemius, soleus.
Agonist muscles of the upper limbs- Deltoids, triceps, pectoralis major/minor, wrist flexors/extensors, biceps
When shooting a jump shot in basketball the movement that is being performed occurs in the transverse, frontal and sagittal planes. The movement begins with flexion of the knees, hips, and ankles in the sagittal plane along the frontal axis. Once enough power is generated, triple extension of the ankles, knee, and hips will be performed in the sagittal plane along the frontal axis. As the power reaches the hips the arms will begin to move upward into the sagittal plane and outward into the frontal plane. This is caused by extension and abduction of the shoulder joint in the sagital plane along the frontal axis, and in the frontal plane along the sagital axis. As the arms move outward in the frontal plane the radial ulnar joint pronates along the vertical axis in the transverse plane. In the shooting position the elbows are being extended to drive the power up to the wrist which releases the ball. Practice will greatly help and taking care of the body properly. This means that injuries are minimium and so this helps the movement through the kinetic chain. Which in itself will help the athlete perform better.
Agonist muscles of the lower limbs- Quads, hamstrings, glutes, gastrocnemius, soleus.
Agonist muscles of the upper limbs- Deltoids, triceps, pectoralis major/minor, wrist flexors/extensors, biceps
- Thread:
- Kicking a Soccer ball
- Post:
- Kicking a Soccer ball
- Author:
- Carolina Ibarra
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 10:09 PM
- Status:
- Published
When kicking a soccer ballthis will take place in the sagittal and frontal plane because it involved thethigh moving forward and towards the torso. There might be a slightly rotationof the hip when performing the skill, which will be sagittal plane andtransverse axis. The non kicking leg will plant the foot to the ground (plantar flexion) the leg will extend, the kicking leg will perform posterior flexion and frontal extension and the kicking foot will plantar flexion which will help guide the ball.
Attachment: images11.jpg (7.325 KB)
images11.jpg (7.325 KB)- Thread:
- Track and Field Sprinter Start out of the Blocks
- Post:
- Track and Field Sprinter Start out of the Blocks
- Author:
- Janel Johnson
- Posted Date:
- June 11, 2013 9:09 AM
- Edited Date:
- June 11, 2013 9:24 AM
- Status:
- Published
The race is often won in the starting blocks between two closely matched athletes. Reaching top speed is done quickly and smoothly by establishing the rhythm of the stride in the starting blocks. Variables affecting the successful start include angle of the blocks, block spacing, forces exerted against the blocks, and body position during the set phase. The main purpose of the start is to facilitate an efficient displacement of the sprinter in the direction of the run with the sprinter's body sloped at the start so as to increase acceleration during the rise. Proper biomechanics and form out of the blocks is critical, particularly for the elite and advanced sprinter. Sagittal plane kinematics are applicable to sprinters. When observing the sagittal plane of motion there is a shift into flexion and the center of mass is lowered as speed increases. As speed increases out of the starting blocks the pelvis and trunk tilt forward lowering the center of mass, and horizontal force produced in the propulsion phase, is maximized.
Attachment: female sprinter out of the blocks.docx (87.628 KB)
female sprinter out of the blocks.docx (87.628 KB)- Thread:
- volleyball roll / Brittani Loux 6/10/13
- Post:
- volleyball roll / Brittani Loux 6/10/13
- Author:
- Brittani Loux
- Posted Date:
- June 10, 2013 3:02 PM
- Status:
- Published
volleyball roll.jpg
For the volleyball roll it occurs in all three planes of movement. Rolling forward occurs in the frontal plane while rolling on one shoulder on the right or left side in the sagittal plane. Dropping down low and rolling occurs in the transverse plane. While rolling one leg is flexed helping to push off the ground while the other is extended out to help maintain balance and recover quickly. Your arms are extended out at first to pass the ball until half way through the roll your arms are flexed to push yourself up into defensive stance again.
For the volleyball roll it occurs in all three planes of movement. Rolling forward occurs in the frontal plane while rolling on one shoulder on the right or left side in the sagittal plane. Dropping down low and rolling occurs in the transverse plane. While rolling one leg is flexed helping to push off the ground while the other is extended out to help maintain balance and recover quickly. Your arms are extended out at first to pass the ball until half way through the roll your arms are flexed to push yourself up into defensive stance again.
- Thread:
- Basketball Jump Shot
- Post:
- Basketball Jump Shot
- Author:
- William Matthews
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 7:27 PM
- Status:
- Published
for the ready stance of a jump shot the the athlete is flexing the knee, hip, and elbow while wrist joints are extended to craddle the ball. the ankle will have some dorsiflexion. all these movements are in the saggital plane. the nondominant shoulder is horizantally adducted in the transversal plane to be used as a guide hand for the jump the knees and hip extend as the ankles plantar flex. the upper body extends the elbow and shoulder joints of the dominant arm as the wrist flexes in order to give the power to the ball.
- Thread:
- Baseball Swing
- Post:
- RE: Baseball Swing
- Author:
- Kyle Morris
- Posted Date:
- June 11, 2013 8:32 PM
- Status:
- Published
- Thread:
- Baseball Swing
- Post:
- Baseball Swing
- Author:
- Kyle Morris
- Posted Date:
- June 11, 2013 8:31 PM
- Status:
- Published
During a baseball swing there are many movements that effect the outcome of the players swing. Any deviation in these movements, even in the slightest bit, can cause a player to fail to make the desired contact with the ball and each movement is directly connected to the next. When a player begins their swing the first movement that occurs is shoulder adduction on the back side, which kick starts the forward momentum of the bat occurring in the frontal plane. Next we begin to see the lower body take action. The back leg begins to rotate internally through the transverse plane while the back knee begins to flex in the sagittal plane to help drive the athletes force forward through the ball. At the same time the front leg begins to rotate externally through the transverse plane as the front knee extends in the sagittal plane. When the front and back legs work in unison the athlete generates tremendous power from the trunk giving them the ability to hit the ball further. Lastly as the player begins to move the bat through the hitting zone we see the elbows and wrists extend in the sagittal plane. This gives the player more power and bat speed as they are attempting to make contact with the ball. In order for a player to adequately improve their swing they must have a basic knowledge of not only the body parts that are moving, but how the body part is supposed to move for the optimum performance. Once a baseball player sees a video of a swing broken down it is much easier to explain which phase of the swing is causing the problem, in turn giving the athlete an idea of what to focus their training on such as waiting until the last moment to extend the elbows and wrist generating the greatest possible bat speed through the ball.
- Thread:
- diving off a swim block
- Post:
- diving off a swim block
- Author:
- Grace Pak
- Posted Date:
- June 11, 2013 10:56 PM
- Status:
- Published
http://biomechanicalprinciples.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/img_0231-2.png
When a swimmer dives off a block they are in the sagittal plane. While they jump of the block they are applying knee extension and flexion while also using shoulder flexion. Jumping off the block is very crucial to the swimmers time because a wrong movement could mess the swimmer up and add seconds to their time. Swimmers dive by pushing off the block and extending their legs and arms and diving arm first. If the swimmer was to bend their knees during the jump they would mess up or hurt themselves while jumping in the water which would also mess up their time.
- Thread:
- volleyball set
- Post:
- volleyball set
- Author:
- Renee Ramirez
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 11:04 PM
- Status:
- Published
setting a volleyball occurs in the frontal and transverse planes. Starting from a ready position, your knees are bent and your hands come up from your sides to begin to set the volleyball. Your writst become extended resulting in the back of the palms coming closer to your arms then your wrist follow through by releasing your extended postion.
- Thread:
- volleyball set
- Post:
- volleyball set
- Author:
- Renee Ramirez
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 11:03 PM
- Status:
- Published
setting a volleyball occurs in the frontal and transverse planes. Starting from a ready position, your knees are bent and your hands come up from your sides to begin to set the volleyball. Your writst become extended resulting in the back of the palms coming closer to your arms then your wrist follow through by releasing your extended postion.
- Thread:
- Discus Throw
- Post:
- Discus Throw
- Author:
- Rochelle Rhyne
- Posted Date:
- June 10, 2013 4:45 PM
- Status:
- Published
For the discus throw in track, the movement is mainly done in the transverse or horizontal plane as person’s body is rotating in a circular motion. During this movement one of the arms is flexed and the shoulder is horizontally abducted in order to use it as a driving force in the frontal and sagittal plane. The other arm is abducted and extended in order to maintain balance and allow the hand to go through the longest range of motion to obtain the maximum force and velocity for the throw. Initially, one of the ankles is performing dorsiflexion while the other is performing plantar flexion. In addition, there is some knee and hip extension on one leg which occurs in the sagittal plane while the other leg is performing hip and knee extension which is also in the sagittal plane. Throughout the movement the hip abducts in the frontal plane as the individual rotates during the footwork of throwing the discus. Overall, there is a lot of rotating motion and footwork so the best way to make the movement more efficient is to get the footwork down and then make sure the individual uses their legs and keeps their arms in relatively the same position throughout the movement until the discus is released in order to create the driving force you need to throw the discus. The following is a link for a video of a discus thrower in slow motion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0lwtTGAEX4
- Thread:
- Javelin Throw
- Post:
- Javelin Throw
- Author:
- Travis Rowden
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 7:42 PM
- Status:
- Published
The javelin throw is a complex move that involves the athlete's entire body and includes movement in all 3 cardinal planes. The athlete begins with his throwing arm flexed at the elbow and flexed/abducted at the shoulder so that the javelin is next to his ear. At this point as the athlete runs forwards he is flexing and extending his hips, knees, and ankles and his legs are moving in the sagittal plane. While running, his non-throwing arm is flexed at the elbow and alternating between flexion and extension at the shoulder to help with momentum as he runs (the non-throwing arm is moving in a diagonal plane or sagittal depending on the athelte). As the athlete prepares to throw his body rotates in the transverse plane and his legs are now abducting and adducting as he runs sideways; because he has turned, his legs are now moving in the frontal plane. With the throw the athlete rapidly rotates his body in the transverse plane to generate force while at the same time extending the elbow of his throwing arm and circumducting at the shoulder (adduction/extension in a diagonal plane) of his throwing arm. During the throw his non-throwing arm is extended at the elbow and flexed at the shoulder to help generate force.
This video has lots of good examples of variations in throwing techniques but you'll probably want to mute it.
- Thread:
- volleyball serve
- Post:
- volleyball serve
- Author:
- Sarah Sanchez
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 10:49 PM
- Status:
- Published
serving a volleyball would take place in the sagittal plane about the frontal axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints as well as the shoulder and elbow joints. It begins in the preparatory/stance phase with the flexion of the knee and ankle and the flexion/abduction of the shoulder and the flexion of the elbow. Then the wind up phase is where the elbow and shoulder enter an eccentric contraction.shoulder flexion as well as some elbow flexion are the most important part of this movement. Following all that process it is important to finish strong with the follow through phase, where the shoulder and elbow in front of the body.
- Thread:
- Head Stand
- Post:
- Head Stand
- Author:
- Bridget Sidles
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 10:09 PM
- Status:
- Published
The head stand is a popular balancing motion done primarily in yoga, gymnastics, and break dancing. In order to achieve this pose, the body passes through the sagittal plane. First, forearms are placed on the ground with the elbows flexed and hips flexed. Next, one will rest the head between the forearms in an inverted position. With use of the abdominal muscles, the legs are lifted up through the sagittal plane along the frontal axis until they are in line with the neck and head. During this transition the hips go from being flexed to being extended above the head. This movement is best accomplished if the person performing the motion has strong core muscles in which to assist with the leg raise and to maintain balance one the body is inverted.
- Thread:
- baseball throw
- Post:
- baseball throw
- Author:
- Caleb Swyers
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 2:42 PM
- Status:
- Published
In a baseball throw the arm is moving through the frontal plane and moving on the frontal axis.the elbow first extends when winding up then flexes as the movement is occurring and then extends again in the follow though. There is hip rotation from the movement to the follow through. there is knee flexing on the wind up and knee extension with the follow through, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o0wSVDhXsE
- Thread:
- Kicking a Football
- Post:
- Kicking a Football
- Author:
- Rogelio Trevino
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 9:31 PM
- Status:
- Published
Kicking a football would take place in the sagittal plane about the frontalaxis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints. It begins in the preparatoryphase with the extension and hyperextension of the knee which would follow by theplantar flexion of the ankle. Then the wind up phase is where the femur beginsto swing forward which is hip flexion. Hip flexion is the largest joint actionwhen kicking a football because of where it starts and then finishes off with sucha significant follow through. Now in the movement portion of kicking the kneeextension and the ankle once again take up plantar flexion. Following all thatprocess it is important to finish strong with the follow through phase. The mainbones in your foot are to be regarded as a major part of that phase since they’remaking the contact with the surface of the football.
Attachment: Kicking a football.png (86.109 KB)
Kicking a football.png (86.109 KB)- Thread:
- Forum #1- SNATCHPULL
- Post:
- Forum #1- SNATCHPULL
- Author:
- Stephanie Vead
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 9:29 PM
- Status:
- Published
The weight lifting movement "snatch" occurs on the sagittal and frontal planes. In the first pull "lift off" of the "snatch"; the knees and hips are extended and the ankles are plantar flexed, the arms are fully extended, elbows rotated out and the wrist slightly flexed. The second pull
explosive phase" the knees and hips are extended and the shoulder girdle elevates. The feet are on the balls of the foot in planter flexion. The center of gravity will shift backwards are the end of "explosion phase". The arms are still extended, elbows are rotated out, and the wrist are still flexed. During the third pull "flip over" the arms are extended the shoulder girdle elevated at the leg extensors transition the weight over head into full body extension. This exercise has the same movements as the clean, and vertical jump. It is a very explosive lower limb movement.
explosive phase" the knees and hips are extended and the shoulder girdle elevates. The feet are on the balls of the foot in planter flexion. The center of gravity will shift backwards are the end of "explosion phase". The arms are still extended, elbows are rotated out, and the wrist are still flexed. During the third pull "flip over" the arms are extended the shoulder girdle elevated at the leg extensors transition the weight over head into full body extension. This exercise has the same movements as the clean, and vertical jump. It is a very explosive lower limb movement.
Attachment: snatchpull.jpg (73.427 KB)
snatchpull.jpg (73.427 KB)- Thread:
- Jump Shot
- Post:
- Jump Shot
- Author:
- Dianea Willis
- Posted Date:
- June 12, 2013 10:58 AM
- Status:
- Published
For the jump shot, the objective is to shoot the ball into the goal. Accuracy of flight is important because the more efficiently and frequently an athlete can place the ball in the goal, the more the team can score. Moreover, the objectives of the jump shot are accuracy, trajectory, spin and execution. This non-repetitive skill requires coordination of multiple limbs, typically performed in an open environment. During the preparatory phase the athlete will "square up", which means to face the basket, gain a stable base, read the defense, and decide where to direct the ball. In the wind up phase the athlete will have countermovement, knee, hip, elbow and wrist flexion in the sagittal plane. During the force-producing phase you will have will have knee, hip, elbow, and wrist extension in the sagittal plane. The athlete tries to avoid a horizontal shift in their center of gravity and movements in the transverse plane. The ankle begins in dorsiflexion and ends in plantar flexion. Keeping the elbow and wrist aligned with the basket aids in trajectory and improves chances of making the shot. The movement is the most efficient executed when all joints are flexed properly and the movement occurs fluidly. In the follow through section the athlete decelerates and returns to the ground. These motions can be observed in the video of Ray Allen, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2BEUr9WfJ4
